Shehryar Ahmed,潘兵,Malik Muhammad Saud Sajid Khan,李国祥,Muhammad Qasim,罗翠,孙晓娟,朱茂炎

• 1:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所
• 2:现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室
• 3:中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心
• 4:中国科学院大学地球与行星科学院

摘要(Abstract)：

小壳化石是寒武系纽芬兰统年代地层划分和全球对比的主要生物地层学依据。长期以来,喜马拉雅西侧的巴基斯坦北部寒武纪早期小壳化石的发现较为零星,导致该地区埃迪卡拉纪与寒武纪过渡期地层序列的划分缺乏统一认识,相关地层时代归属十分不清晰。在第二次青藏科考任务的支持下,作者对巴基斯坦北部隶属于小喜马拉雅区的Hazara盆地东部前寒武纪与寒武纪过渡期地层Hazara组、Kakul组、Abbottabad组和Hazira组开展详细研究,首次在Kalu-di-Bandi剖面Abbottabad组Sirban段顶部硅磷质白云岩中发现了寒武纪纽芬兰世幸运期小壳化石组合。该小壳化石组合属种相对丰富,含有Anabarites trisulcatus、Protohertzina anabarica、Conotheca subcurvata、Hexangulaconularia formosa、Olivooides multisulcatus、Maikhanella pristinis、Lopochites latazonalis、Siphogonuchites sp.及Spirellus columnaris等分子。上述属种组合面貌常见于华南、印度北部、克什米尔、伊朗、蒙古国及西伯利亚的寒武纪纽芬兰世幸运期地层中,其中A. trisulcatus和P. anabarica是这一化石组合带中的标准分子。因此,本文以A. trisulcatus和P. anabarica的共同出现为标志,将Sirban段顶部的小壳化石组合命名为Anabarites trisulcatusProtohertzina anabarica组合带,时代上归属为寒武纪纽芬兰世幸运期。该化石组合的发现表明,该地区存在寒武纪幸运期地层记录,寒武系底界应位于Abbottabad组Sirban段内某个层位(不过确切的界线位置仍需将来进一步的生物地层学和化学地层学工作进行校对),同时也修正了前人将该地区寒武系底界置于Hazira组与Abbottabad组界线处或Abbottabad组与Kakul组界线处的观点。对比研究发现,Sirban段中的化石组合分子与华南A. trisulcatus-P. anabarica组合带面貌非常相似,且共有一些特征属种,支持寒武纪纽芬兰世印度次大陆北部的喜马拉雅区与华南之间的生物群存在较强联系、古地理位置很可能较为靠近的观点。

关键词(KeyWords)： 小壳化石;生物地层;Abbottabad组;纽芬兰统;巴基斯坦;小喜马拉雅区

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 第二次青藏科考研究国家专项(2019QZKK0706);; 国家自然科学基金(41921002、42002024);; 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000)共同资助

作者(Author): Shehryar Ahmed,潘兵,Malik Muhammad Saud Sajid Khan,李国祥,Muhammad Qasim,罗翠,孙晓娟,朱茂炎

DOI: 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2023.0021

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