谢韬,刘石磊,楼雄英,胡智丹,周长勇,文芠

• 1:中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心

摘要(Abstract)：

扬子地台嘉陵江组的海相碳酸盐岩地层记录了当时海水的碳同位素变化。贵州兴义地区位于扬子地台西南缘,根据岩性、岩相,嘉陵江组划分为四段,以开阔-局限台地相碳酸盐岩沉积为特点,牙形石生物地层可划分出Parachirognathus-Pachycladina和Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis牙形石组合带,时代归属于早三叠世奥伦尼克期。该区坝佑和龙广2条典型嘉陵江组剖面上采集的25件碳酸盐岩样品进行碳同位素测试表明,δ~(13)C值介于-1.7‰～5.9‰,包括2个完整的下降-上升旋回,其高频率的震荡变化是二叠纪生物大灭绝之后生物复苏延迟的直观体现,表现为海洋环境的不稳定性对全球碳循环的影响。

关键词(KeyWords)： 嘉陵江组;牙形石;碳同位素;兴义地区

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国地质调查局项目(编号:12120114068101,DD20160020)资助

作者(Author): 谢韬,刘石磊,楼雄英,胡智丹,周长勇,文芠

DOI: 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2019.03.010

参考文献(References)：

• 陈金华.2004.华南二叠纪末大灭绝后双壳类的宏演化阶段//戎嘉余,方宗杰主编.生物大灭绝与复苏--来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据.合肥:中国科技大学出版社.647-700,1069.
• 陈烈祖.1985.安徽巢县早三叠世鱼龙化石.中国区域地质,15:139-146.
• 陈孝红,危凯,张保民,程龙.2013.贵州关岭下三叠统永宁镇组碳同位素化学地层与海洋氧化事件.中国地质,40(5):1466-1473.
• 冯增昭,鲍志东,李尚武.1994.滇黔桂地区早中三叠世岩相古地理.北京:石油大学出版社.1-180.
• 黄可可,黄思静,胡作维,钟怡江,李小宁.2016.四川盆地宣汉渡口和重庆北碚下三叠统海相碳酸盐碳同位素组成与演化.古地理学报,18(1):101-114.
• 李晓伟,喻美艺,Payne J L,Kelly B M.2011.大贵州滩下三叠统岩石和化学地层对比.贵州地质,28(3):161-166.
• 李酉兴.2003a.远安龙的发现及其演化意义.武汉化工学院学报,25(3):14-16.
• 李酉兴.2003b.南漳龙一新种的发现.武汉化工学院学报,25(3):12-13.
• 钱迈平,郭佩霞.1996.下扬子区三叠纪古生物和古地理变迁及其主要原因.江苏地质,20(3):156-165.
• 秦典夕,颜承锡,熊剑飞.1993.黔中三叠纪牙形类生物地层研究的新进展.贵州地质,10(2):120-130.
• 时志强,安红艳,伊海生,张华,曾德勇.2011.上扬子地区早三叠世异常碳酸盐岩的分类与特征.古地理学报,13(1):1-10.
• 四川省地质矿产局.1997.全国地层多重划分对比研究:四川省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-417.
• 童金南,殷鸿福.2009.早三叠世生物与环境研究进展.古生物学报,48(3):497-508.
• 童金南,黄云飞,梁蕾.2014.早三叠世生物-环境-年代地层研究.地学前缘,21(2):144-156.
• 王志浩,曹延岳.1981.湖北利川早三叠世牙形石.古生物学报,20(4):363-375.
• 武桂春,姚建新,纪占胜.2007.西藏冈底斯西段措勤地区三叠纪牙形石生物地层特征.地质通报,26(8):938-946.
• 肖加飞,魏家庸,胡瑞忠.2004.扬子地台西南缘早三叠世层序地层格架.沉积学报,22(2):310-318.
• 杨守仁,王新平,郝维城.1986.广西西部早、中三叠世牙形石序列.北京大学学报(自然科学版),4:90-106.
• 杨守仁,初庆春.1992.黔西南三叠系永宁镇组牙形石研究-兼论下、中三叠统界线.北京大学学报(自然科学版),28(6):722-732.
• 杨守仁,郝维城,江大勇.2001.广西凌云县罗楼地区早三叠世牙形石.古生物学报,40(1):86-92.
• 杨钟健.1965.中国湖北、贵州的幻龙.古脊椎动物与古人类,9(4):315-335.
• 杨钟键.1982.杨钟键文集.北京:科学出版社.1-219.
• 姚建新,纪占胜,王立亭,王彦斌,武桂春.2004.贵州南部地区中三叠统青岩阶底界附近牙形石生物地层学研究.地质学报,78(5):577-585.
• 张舜新.1990.桂西下三叠统牙形石序列的新认识.现代地质,4(2):1-15.
• 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心.2017.中华人民共和国地质图(1:5万兴义县幅、郑屯幅).
• 周长勇,张启跃,黄金元,胡世学,文芠,谢韬.2017.南盘江盆地首次发现早三叠世海生爬行动物化石.地质通报,36(1):168-171.
• 左景勋,童金南,邱海鸥,赵来时.2004.巢湖平顶山北坡剖面早三叠世碳、氧同位素地层学研究.地层学杂志,28(1):35-40.
• Bender H.1970.Zur Gliederung der Mediterranen Trias II.Die Conodontenchronologie der Mediterranen Trias.Annales Geologi-ques des Pays Helleniques,19:465-540.
• Benton M J&Twitchett R J.2003.How to kill(almost)all life:The endPermian extinction event.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,18(7):358-365.
• Brayard A,Bucher H,Escarguel G,Fluteau F,Bourquin S&Galfetti T.2006.The Early Triassic ammonoid recovery:Paleoclimatic significance of diversity gradients.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,239(3):374-395.
• Brühwiler T,Goudemand N,Galfetti T,Bucher H,Baud A,Ware D,Hermann E,Hochuli P A&Martini R.2009.The Lower Triassic sedimentary and carbon isotope records from Tulong(South Tibet)and their significance for Tethyan palaeoceanography.Sedimentary Geology,222(3-4):314-332.
• Chen X H,Motani R,Cheng L,Jiang D Y&Rieppel O.2014.A Carapace-Like Bony‘Body Tube’in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation.Plos One,9(4):e94396.
• Embry A F.1997.Global sequence boundaries of the Triassic and their identification in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,45(4):415-433.
• Erwin D H.1993.The great Paleozoic crisis:Life and death in the Permian.New York:Columbia University Press.
• Galfetti T,Bucher H,Brayard A,Hochuli P A,Weissert H,Guodun K,Atudorei V&Guex J.2007.Late Early Triassic climate change:Insights from carbonate carbon isotopes,sedimentary evolution and ammonoid paleobiogeography.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,243(3):394-411.
• Galfetti T,Hochuli P A,Brayard A,Bucher H,Weissert H&Vigran J O.2007.Smithian-Spathian boundary event:Evidence for global climatic change in the wake of the end-Permian biotic crisis.Geology,35(4):291-294.
• Hallam A.1991.Why was there a delayed radiation after the end-Palaeozoic extinctions?Historical Biology,5(2-4):257-262.
• Hallam A&Wignall P B.1997.Mass extinctions and their aftermath.Oxford:Oxford University Press.1-307.
• Horacek M,Brandner R&Abart R.2007a.Carbon isotope record of the P/T boundary and the Lower Triassic in the Southern Alps:Evidence for rapid changes in storage of organic carbon.Palaeo-geography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,252(1-2):347-354.
• Horacek M,Richoz S,Brandner R,Krystyn L&Sp?tl C.2007b.Evidence for recurrent changes in Lower Triassic oceanic circu-lation of the Tethys:The 13C record from marine sections in Iran.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,252(1):355-369.
• Horacek M,Koike T&Richoz S.2009.Lower Triassic?13C isotope curve from shallow-marine carbonates in Japan,Panthalassa realm:Confirmation of the Tethys?13C curve.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,36(6):481-490.
• Hu S X,Zhang Q Y,Chen Z Q,Zhou C Y,LüT,Xie T,Wen W,Huang J Y&Benton M J.2011.The Luoping biota:Exceptional preservation,and new evidence on the Triassic recovery from end-Permian mass extinction.Proceeding of the Royal Society B,278:2274-2282.
• Huang S J,Huang K K,LüJ&Lan Y F.2012.Carbon isotopic composition of Early Triassic marine carbonates,Eastern Sichuan Basin,China.Science China(Earth Sciences),55(12):2026-2038.
• Huang S J,Huang K K,Zhong Y J,Li X N,Mao X D,Hu Z W,Liu S B,Zhang M&Wu W H.2017.Carbon isotope composition and comparison of Lower Triassic marine carbonate rocks from Southern Longmenxia section in Guang'an,Sichuan Basin.Science China Earth Sciences,60(1):80-94.
• Huang S J,Qing H R,Huang P P,Hu Z W,Wang Q D,Zou M L&Liu HN.2008.Evolution of strontium isotopic composition of seawater from Late Permian to Early Triassic based on study of marine carbonates,Zhongliang Mountain,Chongqing,China.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,51(4):528-539.
• Kaufman A J&Knoll A H.1995.Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater:Stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications.Precambrian Research,73:27-49.
• Kump L R&Arthur M A.1999.Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions:carbonates and organic matter.Chemical Geology,161(1-3):181-198.
• Liang L,Tong J N,Song H J,Song T,Tian L,Song H Y&Qiu H O.2016.Lower-Middle Triassic conodont biostratigraphy of the Mingtang section,Nanpanjiang Basin,South China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,459:381-393.
• Marshall J D.1992.Climatic and oceanographic signals from the carbonate rock record and their preservation.Geological Magazine,129(2):143-160.
• Mazin J M,Suteethorn V,Buffetaut E,Jaeger J J&Helmcke-Ingavat R.1991.Preliminary description of Taisaurus chonglakmanii n.g.,n.sp.,a new ichthyopterygian(Reptilia)from the Early Triassic of Thailand.ComptesRendus de L’Acade′mie des Sciences,Paris,Serie II,313:1207-1212.
• Meyer K M,Yu M,Jost A B,Kelley B M&Payne J L.2011.?13C evidence that high primary productivity delayed recovery from end-Permian mass extinction.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,302(3):378-384.
• Morante R.1996.Permian and early Triassic isotopic records of carbon and strontium in Australia and a scenario of events about the Permian-Triassic boundary.Historical Biology,11(11):289-310.
• Motani R.1996.Redescription of the dental features of an Early Triassic ichthyosaur,Utatsusaurus hataii.Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,16(3):396-402.
• Orchard M J.2007.Conodont diversity and evolution through the latest Permian and Early Triassic upheavals.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,252(1):93-117.
• Payne J L,Lehrmann D J,Wei J,Orchard M J,Schrag D P&Knoll A H.2004.Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction.Science,305:506-509.
• Qing H R&Veizer J.1994.Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Ordovician brachiopods:Implications for coeval seawater.Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,58(20):4429-4442.
• Scholle P A&Arthur M A.1980.Carbon Isotope fluctuations in Cretaceous pelagic limestones:Potential stratigraphic and petroleum exploration tool.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,64(1):67-87.
• Staesche U.1964.Conodonten aus dem Skyth von Sudtirol.Neus Jahrbuch Fur Geology Und Palaontologie Abhandlungen,119.
• Sun Y D,Joachimski M M,Wignall P B,Yan C B,Chen Y L,Jiang H S,Wang L N&Lai X L.2012.Lethally hot temperatures during the Early Triassic greenhouse.Science,338:366-370.
• Sweet W C,Mosher L C,Clark D L,Collinson J W&Hasenmueller W A.1971.Conodont biostratigraphy of the Triassic//Sweet W C&Bergstrom S M.Symposium on Conodont Biostratigraphy.Geological Society of America,Inc.Memoir.127:441-465.
• Tong J N,Qiu H O,Zhao L S&Zuo J X.2002.Lower Triassic inorganic carbon isotope excursion in Chaohu,Anhui Province,China.Journal of China University of Geosciences,13(2):98-106.
• Tong J N,Zhang S X,Zuo J X&Xiong X Q.2007a.Events during Early Triassic recovery from the end-Permian extinction.Global and Planetary Change,55(1):66-80.
• Tong J N,Zuo J X&Chen Z Q.2007b.Early Triassic carbon isotope excursions from South China:Proxies for devastation and restoration of marine ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction.Geological Journal,42:371-389.
• Wignall P B&Twitchett R J.2002.Extent,duration,and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event.Geological Society of America,Special Paper,356:395-413.
• Woods A D,Bottjer D J,Mutti M&Morrison J.1999.Lower Triassic large sea-floor carbonate cements:Their origin and a mechanism for the prolonged biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction.Geology,27(7):645.
• Yan C B,Wang L N,Jiang H H,Wignall P B,Sun Y D,Chen Y L&Lai X L.2013.Uppermost Permian to Lower Triassic conodonts at Bianyang Section,Guihzou Province,South China.Palaios,28(8):509-522.
• Zakharov Y D,Ukhaneva N G,Ignatyev A V,Afanasyeva T B,Buryi G I,Panasenko E S,Popov A M,Punina T A&Cherbadzhi A K.2000.Latest Permian and Triassic carbonates of Russia:New palaeontological findings,stable isotopes,Ca-Mg ratio,and correlation.Developments in Palaeontology&Stratigraphy,18:141-171.
• Zhao X M,Tong J N,Yao H Z,Zhang K X&Chen Z Q.2008.Anachronistic facies in the Lower Triassic of South China and their implications to the ecosystems during the recovery time.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,51(11):1646-1657.