地质记录中的微球粒MICROSPHERULES IN THE GEOLOGIC RECORD
张华
摘要(Abstract)：
地质记录中的微球粒根据成因可以分为宇宙尘、地外物体撞击成因微球粒、火山成因微球粒、生物成因微球粒、沉积作用微球粒和现代微球形飞灰等。宇宙尘含有丰富的宇宙物质,出现Fe、Ni核心和方铁矿等,具有宇宙尖晶石和宇宙不丰富的元素的亏损是判断宇宙尘的关键特征。撞击事件可以产生近源区的撞击熔融玻璃球和远源区的撞击汽云凝结球两类微球粒,常与其他撞击成因矿物伴生。火山微球粒是在低粘稠度的岩浆岩喷发形成的玻璃质火山灰中,有球形、液滴形和哑铃形的微颗粒。这三种成因的微球粒在各种地层中的赋存对于地层对比和地史事件研究中有着非常重要的意义,为判断和研究不同的地质事件提供了一个很好的媒介,因此长期以来一直是微球粒研究的主要对象。另外,在现代工业生产过程中也可以产生大量微球形飞灰,这些飞灰经常包含非常复杂的表面纹饰和独特的化学组成,比如高的ZnO含量等。
关键词(KeyWords)： 地质记录;微球粒;宇宙尘;撞击事件;火山活动;工业飞灰
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划项目)“地史时期海陆生物多样性的演变”(编号:2006CB806400)。
作者(Author): 张华
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